1868 Fort Laramie Treaty
The Bozeman Trail was a well-used travel corridor connecting the Great Plains with the Northwest. Called the Bozeman trail because of later explorers Bozeman and Jacobs whose major contributions was the blazing of trails suitable for wagons to use, the trail created conflict with the Plains Native Americans because it was used by so many settlers in their westward push for the Montana gold rush.
In efforts to stop the hostilities, the US government tried to negotiate with the Sioux for passage rights. However, they bargained in bad faith, not revealing that military forces were already on the way to build and man armed garrisons along the trail. Red Cloud, a speaker for the Sioux, began armed resistance which resulted in the US suing for peace with the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, ceding control over the Black Hills to the Sioux forever and establishing regular payments of rations. The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty forms the basis for most continuing Sioux claims against the US Federal Government today.